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The processes are hybrid and organic corn production. We performed this study to quantitatively explain the potential health impacts on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of corn produced in Mexico and imported from the United States of America (U.S.) from 1984 until 2014. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful methodology for the study of health impacts and public policies. The economic profitability for farmers was 72 times higher for intensive crops than for extensive crops. Consequently, 11.97% more water is used for ICs than for ECs. According to the climate conditions of this region, crop water requirements for pepper crops are 41.66% higher than for grain crops nevertheless, the on-farm water application efficiencies are 92% and 58% respectively. Average values of 45.0 Mg ha−1, 7.3 kg m−3, and 85,900.00 USD ha−1 and 72.5 Mg ha−1, 10.4 kg m−3, and 66,390.00 USD ha−1 were obtained for habanero peppers and bell peppers, respectively-both were cultivated during 2014, 20.
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The average values of crop yield, water productivity, and economic productivity were 4.8 Mg (Tons) ha−1, 1.1 kg m−3, and 722.00 USD ha−1 for sorghum and 7.0 Mg ha−1, 1.2 kg m−3, and 1390.00 USD ha−1 for corn. The goal of the study was to compare crop yield, water productivity, and economic productivity between sorghum and corn as extensive crops (ECs), and habanero peppers and bell peppers as intensive crops (ICs). This research reports on two pepper species cultivated in a pilot plot and protected under white shade nets during the 2014, 20 growing seasons. The authors conclude that shifting corn trade under NAFTA is having significant negative environmental effects on both sides of the border and could have even more profound impacts in the future if it results in the loss of significant agro-biodiversity in Mexico. Preliminary evidence is presented on the extent to which imports and declining prices are reducing the production of native corn varieties. For Mexico, the principal potential environmental impact of the loss of a significant share of its domestic corn market to the US is the threat to agro-biodiversity. These are considerable, including: high chemical use water pollution due to runoff unsustainable water use for irrigation the expansion of genetically modified corn soil erosion and biodiversity loss. For the US, increased exports to Mexico due to trade liberalization represent one percent of total US production and should therefore be considered responsible for one percent of the environmental impacts of corn production. This paper examines the environmental implications of this change on both sides of the border. Negotiated tariff reductions and the Mexican government's decision not to charge some tariffs to which it was entitled resulted in a doubling of US corn exports to Mexico.
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had a profound impact on corn trade between the United States and Mexico.